Alignment-Based Layout Optimization of a Floating Offshore Wind Farm

Abstract

This study aims to optimize the layout of a 1 GW floating offshore wind farm, potentially linked to offshore green hydrogen production near the East Sea gas field. This will give the foundation for conceptual design and performance evaluation. ERA5 reanalysis 100 m data was used for wind analysis. The alignment score, which reflects wind occureance frequency by wind direction, was used to identify best and worst wake directions. The wake interaction between turbines was calculated using the Jensen (Park) model, and an objective function was developed that integrates AEP maximization and internal cable cost minimization. Continuous Ant Colony Optimization was applied to identify the optimal solution among candidate layouts. The results demonstrated the ability to estimate a realistic AEP that reflects site-specific wind resources, and presented design principles that simultaneously minimize wakes and simplify cable routing. The proposed procedure generalizes the advantages of representative deployment motifs, such as the Anholt-Horns Rev 1, to the East Sea, ensuring computational feasibility and reproducibility even at 1 GW scale. The optimized annual energy production can be directly linked to offshore green hydrogen production and storage, and is expected to contribute to the implementation of an integrated renewable energy and offshore green hydrogen supply chain in the East Sea.